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To list the Interrupts/IRQ:

# dmesg | grep ‘[iI][rR][qQ]‘

$ dmesg | grep ‘[Ii][Rr][Qq]‘

ACPI: IRQ9 SCI: Edge set to Level Trigger.
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 *11 12 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 3 4 5 6 7 9 *10 11 12 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 *12 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 3 4 *5 6 7 9 10 11 12 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] enabled at IRQ 5
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] enabled at IRQ 12
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] enabled at IRQ 11

To change your boot time grub background download a splash image and place it under /boot/grub and then edit grub.conf to add the following:

splashimage=(hd0,4)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

Note: (hd0,4) = /boot

To change gnome splash image get a splash image from GNOME-Look and place it under /usr/share/pixmaps/splash/ with the name gnome-splash.png.

To change gdm login manager get the gdm themes from GNOME-Look and use gdmsetup to install new login theme.

As a SysAdmin I sometimes need to make quick backups of a filesystem to a remote machine. Unix provides easy and quick ways to do this task.

The following command line uses dd – destroy disk command – to copy the content of /dev/hda11 and send the output to gzip and copy the resulting compressed file to the remote machine through ssh. The syntax is as follows:

dd if=/dev/hda11 | gzip | ssh user@remote_server dd of=/dest/path/hda11.gz

Note that /dev/hda11 should not be mounted (not accessed while backing up).

To restore the backed up filesystem do the following:

dd if=hda11.gz | gzip -d | ssh user@remote_host dd of=/dev/hda11

And your done! Quick and dirty backup for you.

If you have many grub menu options, grub can boot the previously booted option

default saved
timeout 15

title Gentoo(2.4)
root(hd0,0)
kernel /boot/bzImage-2.4 root=/dev/hda5
savedefault

title Gentoo(2.6) Qos
root(hd0,0)
kernel /boot/bzImage-2.4 root=/dev/hda5
savedefault

title Gentoo(2.6)
root(hd0,0)
kernel /boot/bzImage-2.6 root=/dev/hda5

If you want to hide linux boot time messages or store them to a specific location then you could edit the /etc/inittab file and change it as follows:

rc::bootwait:/sbin/rc boot > /dev/null
l0:0:wait:/sbin/rc shutdown > /dev/null
l1:S1:wait:/sbin/rc single > /dev/null
l2:2:wait:/sbin/rc nonetwork > /dev/null
l3:3:wait:/sbin/rc default > /var/log/rl3
…..

Note that this example is taken from Gentoo Linux.